Nonfamily living and the erosion of traditional family orientations among young adults. American Sociological Review, 51 4 , The authors, researchers at the Rand Corporation and Brown University, use data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Young Men to test their hypothesis that nonfamily living by young adults alters their attitudes, values, plans, and expectations, moving them away from their belief in traditional sex roles. They find their hypothesis strongly supported in young females, while the effects were fewer in studies of young males. Increasing the time away from parents before marrying increased individualism, self-sufficiency, and changes in attitudes about families. In contrast, an earlier study by Williams cited below shows no significant gender differences in sex role attitudes as a result of nonfamily living.

This example uses MLA style MLA Handbook , 9th edition, for the journal citation. For additional annotation guidance from MLA, see 5. Waite, Linda J. Tambíen disponible en español: Cómo Preparar una Bibliografía Anotada. If you wish to use any or all of the content of this Guide please visit our Research Guides Use Conditions page for details on our Terms of Use and our Creative Commons license. Cornell University Library. Cornell University LibGuides How to Prepare an Annotated Bibliography The Annotated Bibliography. Search this Guide Search. The Annotated Bibliography Fair Use of this Guide.

Indicative annotations give you a quick summary of the source and argument and describe the main points and even chapters within the source. See how this indicative annotation example in MLA works. Zachs, Mitch. The Little Book of Stock Market Profits. This book covers a wide variety of strategies used in the stock market throughout the years to improve performance. Summary annotations simply provide a summary of your different sources. Within them, you describe the main arguments or points along with the various topics covered. This is where you show why this source was essential and made it to your list. See an example of informative annotations at play. Doerr, John. Measure What Matters: How Google, Bono, and the Gates Foundation Rock the World With OKRs.

This book is written by Doerr, who is the chair of a venture capitalist group. These are first-person, behind-the-scenes case studies narrated by leaders like Bill Gates. This book helps guide understanding of the business management strategies that drive the success of large companies. Your annotations might stop at summarizing, or you could take it a step further by evaluating the source. To do this, you want to compare and contrast it. Why did this one make the cut? Explain the overarching goal of the source and why it fits into your paper so well. Additionally, you want to look at the reliability of the information and any bias it might have.

Dig deep into your source like in this example. Wilson, John Philip. When the Texans Come: Missing Records from the Civil War in the Southwest. UNM Press, Through primary resources like original letters, song lyrics, and casualty lists, the author, a historian-archeologist, provides a fresh narrative of the Civil War. The author dissects primary sources like witness testimony and original newspaper accounts to clearly understand the battles fought within the Civil War. It not only takes you through the major battles but the minor ones happening in the west to provide you a clear picture of the war.

You can combine all three types of annotations into your annotated bibliography. For example, you might spend a few lines describing and summarizing the work and end with an evaluation. Just like there are different types of annotations you can create, you can also use different writing styles. Annotations typically follow three specific formats depending on how long they are. All annotated bibliographies have a title, annotation, and citation. While the annotation is the same for all, the way you create your title and citation varies based on your style. The three main bibliography styles used include MLA, APA, and Chicago. Get examples of an annotated bibliography in each different style.

Find a quick overview of when to use APA, MLA, and Chicago styles. An APA annotated bibliography is used for science and technical papers. An annotated bibliography gives an account of the research that has been done on a given topic. Like any bibliography, an annotated bibliography is an alphabetical list of research sources. In addition to bibliographic data, an annotated bibliography provides a concise summary of each source and some assessment of its value or relevance. Depending on your assignment, an annotated bibliography may be one stage in a larger research project, or it may be an independent project standing on its own. The quality and usefulness of your bibliography will depend on your selection of sources. Define the scope of your research carefully so that you can make good judgments about what to include and exclude.

Your research should attempt to be reasonably comprehensive within well-defined boundaries. Consider these questions to help you find appropriate limits for your research:. An annotation briefly restates the main argument of a source. An annotation of an academic source, for example, typically identifies its thesis or research question, or hypothesis , its major methods of investigation, and its main conclusions. Keep in mind that identifying the argument of a source is a different task than describing or listing its contents. Rather than listing contents see Example 1 below , an annotation should account for why the contents are there see Example 2 below.

An annotated bibliography gives an account of the research that has been done on a given topic. Like any bibliography, an annotated bibliography is an alphabetical list of research sources. In addition to bibliographic data, an annotated bibliography provides a concise summary of each source and some assessment of its value or relevance. Depending on your assignment, an annotated bibliography may be one stage in a larger research project, or it may be an independent project standing on its own. The quality and usefulness of your bibliography will depend on your selection of sources. Define the scope of your research carefully so that you can make good judgments about what to include and exclude. Your research should attempt to be reasonably comprehensive within well-defined boundaries.

Consider these questions to help you find appropriate limits for your research:. An annotation briefly restates the main argument of a source. An annotation of an academic source, for example, typically identifies its thesis or research question, or hypothesis , its major methods of investigation, and its main conclusions. Keep in mind that identifying the argument of a source is a different task than describing or listing its contents. Rather than listing contents see Example 1 below , an annotation should account for why the contents are there see Example 2 below. McIvor, S. This article discusses recent constitutional legislation as it affects the human rights of aboriginal women in Canada: the Constitution Act , its amendment in , and amendments to the Indian Act Sparrow This article seeks to define the extent of the civil and political rights returned to aboriginal women in the Constitution Act , in its amendment in , and in amendments to the Indian Act Sparrow , McIvor argues that the Act recognizes fundamental human rights and existing aboriginal rights, granting to aboriginal women full participation in the aboriginal right to self-government.

Your annotation should now go on to briefly assess the value of the source to an investigation of your research question or problem. If your bibliography is part of a research project, briefly identify how you intend to use the source and why. In order to determine how you will use the source or define its contribution, you will need to assess the quality of the argument: why is it of value? what are its limitations? how well defined is its research problem? how effective is its method of investigation?

how good is the evidence? would you draw the same conclusions from the evidence? Keep the context of your project in mind. How is material assessed in your course or discipline? What models for assessing arguments are available in course materials? Annotated bibliographies do come in many variations. Pay close attention to the requirements of your assignment. Here are some possible variations:. It is sometimes challenging to find the vocabulary in which to summarize and discuss a text. Here is a list of some verbs for referring to texts and ideas that you might find useful:.

To learn more on referring to texts and ideas, visit our file on reporting verbs. This handout and many others are available in Writing in the Health Sciences: a comprehensive guide. Based on materials originally developed for the Equity Studies Program, New College. Search for. Printable PDF Version Fair-Use Policy.

The annotation follows on the next line, and the whole annotation should be indented to match the hanging indent. The Scribbr Citation Generator will automatically create a flawless APA citation. For guidance in critically appraising and analyzing the sources for your bibliography, see How to Critically Analyze Information Sources. Think of your paper as part of a conversation with people interested in the same things you are; the annotated bibliography allows you to tell readers what to check out, what might be worth checking out in some situations, and what might not be worth spending the time on. When it comes to creating your annotated bibliography, you can use the annotated bibliography generator at Bibliography. Make a Gift.

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